Tale of Two Cities Character Analysis Essay Example for Free

Tale of Two Cities Character Analysis EssayThe sacrifice of 1s own life for the person they love is by far the ultimate sacrifice any human being can obtain. In A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, Sydney carton, a despondent and inebriate man, did exactly that. Through his sacrifice, he became the most memorable and dynamic character in this book. Sydney cartonful was an unmotivated alcoholic who transformed his wasted and useless life by performing a selfless act of heroism. I am a foil drudge. I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me, (Page 71).That was Sydney Cartons abridged explanation for his disposition when he meets Charles Darnay. In the beginning, Carton is a lazy, alcoholic attorney who cares about nothing in life. He is self-undermining in that he has no confidence or volition and believes his life is an extreme waste. He is crude, frequently drunk, and melancholy. He feels he is stuck in the disappointed course of his once promising li fe, and has nothing worth giving anymore. just about the middle of the book, Sydney Carton makes a remarkable transformation into a man of profound merit.He professes his love to Lucie saying, For you, and for any dear to you, I would do anything. I would embrace any sacrifice for you and for those dear to you, (page 128). This scene marks a vital transition for Carton and lays the foundation and foreshadows the supreme sacrifice that he makes at the end of the novel. Lucie was the only one who thought there was a good person in Carton, and inadvertently succeeded in transforming him from depressed and dejected into a fondness and altruistic man.Sydney Cartons promise to Lucie took him to the guillotine at the end of A Tale of Two Cities. He died for Darnay, which he believes is the greatest thing he could do to make his life significant. His death lets the woman he loves be happy. He quotes a verse from the bible saying, I am the resurrection and then life, saith the Lord he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall never die and whosoever liveth and believeth in me, shall never die. This verse becomes almost his theme of the rest of Cartons changed outlook of life.Sydney Cartons resurrection from his hide life by his love for Lucie is gained by giving up his life for her happiness. He goes to death with the satisfaction of knowing that his life now has inwardness, which is what Carton was peeping for throughout the novel. During his life he was unable to act in his own self-interest, but, paradoxically, hes completely willing to sacrifice his own life so that another man may live to please the one he loves.Sydney Carton sacrificed his life for Lucie, the only person who made him feel his life had meaningjust like he had promised to her. He began as a drunken man with no purpose, but only in the sacrifice of his life did Carton establish his greatest worth. Essentially what makes him the most memorable and dynamic character of A Tale of Two Cit ies is this predominant resurrection. In that all that was good in him and his love for Lucie lives on in Darnay, and he is now defined not for what he was, but by his single greatest act.

Investigation of Failed States & Democratic Intervention Essay Example for Free

Investigation of Failed States Democratic Intervention EssayFailed states have been an issue in human society for some years. Today there argon a total of 177 failed states, which is an entirely-time high. (Haken) Failed states are not only a terrible situation for the country itself, but for its neighbour countries as well. Some situations are worse than others, but for the most part they all share several factors that classify them as failed states. These factors include a severe frugal decline, lack of formal g all overnment, admixture of public services, social dis set, and more. (Haken) Once a country becomes classified as a failed state it is quite difficult for them to fully recover.For this to happen, attention from allies and neighboring countries is usually necessary. Obviously nobody wants to see a countrys government overrun and its citizens forced into turmoil, but that is unfortunately the way our society go bads with thoroughgoing warring groups such as Al-Qaeda in existence. It has become a global problem and the day may never come when there are no failed states. However, if groups such as Al-Qaeda and the Lords Resistance Army (LRA) can be eliminated then these failed states can begin to rebuild themselves and crumble their citizens the chance to live free, happy lives.An example of a failed state that is making headlines these days is the country of Mali, which is located in Northern Africa. The situation in Mali began over a year ago and has developed into a very serious matter. Much like Libya in 2011, Malis government has been overthrown by Moslem militant groups that result do whatever it takes to spread their influence and power. (Larison)The major group behind this invasion is known as Al-Qaeda. As Al-Qaeda forces moved in on Bamako, Malis capital, a French military invasion halted them in their tracks. French and Malian forces have now teamed up against Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), which is Al-Qaedas militan t organization based in Mali. (Larison) The two sides are both ready to battle one another and the situation looks to be headed towards a full-on war.AQIM forces are invading towns and villages while torturing and killing citizens in their path. They are a strong force to be reckoned with and outside help will be needed if Mali is to rid itself of these radicals. This is where neighboring countries become involved. Countries close to Mali, such as Niger, Mauritania, and Algeria, are all looked upon to intervene and to offer aid and/or assistance to the Malians. On top of that, they are forced to live under constant fear and uncertainty of AQIMs next move(s). Although the United States has no vital economic ties to Mali, some Americans feel obligated to intervene and offer assistance to the French, much like we did in Libya. (Larison)However, the majority of American politicians are against issuing an invasion because all signs point towards an ongoing war similar to those in Iraq an d Afghanistan. These two countries experienced this type of situation during the 2000s and Libya did as well in 2011. Libyas situation was very similar to that of Malis current one. Islamic forces invaded and took control and outside help was needed from either neighboring countries or Western forces. Whatever the case may be, many parties were/are involved and too many unnecessary deaths have been recorded already. Going forward we can only hope that the situation in Mali ends up like the ones in Iraq and Libya. The only way this can happen is if the Islamic militant forces are driven out and the country has the opportunity to in one case again govern itself and eventually prosper.Western intervention has been a major component of global warfare for the last 100 years. From World War I all the way through the Cold War, the United States has always been looked upon to give military assistance to its allies and anyone who holds great importance to our economy. Most recently weve kap ut(p) to war to protect Israel in the Middle East and to aid France in Libya. (Traub) The United States has been involved economically in the Middle East since the late eighties but became active militarily in 2001 after the 9/11 attacks. We were involved in warfare with Iraq for over a decade and are chill out at war with Afghanistan. (Traub) Other notable instances of Western military intervention include our involvement in World Wars I and II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cold War, and many other smaller wars.The United States has clearly played a crucial role in global warfare for a very long time. unitary major reason for this sum up of military activity is the fact that the U.S. is a democracy. Non-democracy governments typically have less involvement in warfare than democratic governments do. This is because autocracies operate under the discretion of less than 20 people and often times only 1 person. Also, under a democracy a presidential order can be overturned b y either the citizens or another branch of the government.A democratic leader would most likely order a military invasion if there is an immediate threat to his/her countrys national security or if there is a very significant amount of economic importance involved in the situation. Giving assistance to allies is also a common reason for entering into a war. These have been the main(prenominal) reasons for American involvement in global warfare over the years. America is undoubtedly a military superpower in the eyes of the world and will most likely remain that way for many more years to come.Works CitedHaken, Nate. Interpreting the Arab Spring and Its Effects. Fundforpeace.org. The Fund for Peace, 28 June 2012. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. http//www.fundforpeace.org/global/?q= guest/235. Larison, Daniel. In Mali the Domino Theory Is Real. Theamericanconservative.com. The American Conservative, 23 Jan. 2013. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. http//www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/in-mali-the-domino- theory-is-real/. Traub, James. Think Again Failed States. Foreign Policy Magazine, Aug. 2011. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. http//www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/20/think_again_failed_states?page=0,0.

Murals Wall Paintings And Frescoes Cultural Studies Essay

Murals palisade creates And Frescoes Cultural Studies EssayIt is interesting to note that large number who argon not disposed with a reverent passion for the arts would only think of it in superficial terms (Goodyear, 1897). They only consider arts as something lavish, interesting, and pleasing to the eye. They hope that art gentlemans (such as motion pictures, murals, mosaics, sculptures, and others) atomic number 18 something to be displayed on a prominent ara, depending on its creator. The trend for these art pieces would be the to a greater extent well-known the creator is, the meliorate the location of the masterpiece would be. For instance, if the artist would be someone really renowned as Leonardo da Vinci, consequently the painting would be placed on the front room of a hoexercising.Van Draanen Parsons mentions that pot want to display old books because they believe that it gives them an aura of intelligence (1998, p. 52). It doesnt matter what the books were r ough(predicate), midland designers and rich people would buy them by the bulk and display them on expensive bookshelves. These books would have a worn-out, insensate feel which will make mask the owners ignorance and play in their favor when guests come a calling. The books will be displayed without be read or understood they would just be placed in bookshelves, looking dusty and old, being utterly ignored. The same goes for paintings and other works of art. People will buy expensive and impressive pieces with the purpose of not hailing the artist, but for boasting that they argon cultured, without really understanding what the artwork is trying to say.Behind the smooth surface of sculptures, the not adequate to(p) curves and lines of paintings, and the alluring colors of art pieces would be a story that is repetitive to be told. There is a rich history behind art, such a fine discipline, such as the struggles of ancient artists as they tried their opera hat to create a world t hat would be pleasing and appealing.such(prenominal) an example of art that conveys such deep meanings would be the act of groin painting. Wall painting has been around for centuries, and were utilized before for different purposes as what they be being used for now. They were noted as pieces wherein artists could express themselves, and shout out to the world the flow rate triumphs, fears, and dreams of a society. Indeed, thither is more to wall painting than what meets the eye. As technology fractures, these stories are coming out to the light.Art a definitionArt exists e trulywhere. In reality, all people have creative tendencies, though only a handful would react to this possibility. As Baldwin and Roskill (1997, p. 188) wrote, the impulse to create art is to realize habitus and enunciate out of mere matter to recognize dictate in the world or to generate it oneself is universal and perpetual. Art is the act of creating something from nothing of meaning such as mural s and wall paintings that have served as a form of storytelling. It has served as a way for cultures from all parts of the globe in order to make their stories known and to preserve the rich heritage of their tribe or nation.Murals and wall paintings are also considered as the link of the past to the present, and to what the world could be in the future. Baldwin and Roskill (1997, p. 188) supported this idea when they wrote it is a present experience as well as a record of the past, and it is valued, preserved. Due to this, today is a wakeful era wherein past artworks such as murals and frescoes are being restored, in order to bring to life once again their beauty and majesty, so that generations aft(prenominal) this generation will be able to stand spellbound in front of them, and know the story of their forefathers.Trigiani (2005, p. 221) once wrote about a group of people who was restoring and redecorating an old church in New Jersey. The old church was left as it was througho ut hundreds of years, and when the type of restoration came, the group didnt hold back in the task. There they found one such marvel they discovered that a fresco was actually just painting on a canvas which was placed on a wall. This is already a marvel of discovery at itself, yet when they peeled back the canvas, the painting of the Blessed Mother there they precept that there was another canvas behind the original. And the hidden canvas portrays a naked, sexy, voluptuous woman.Though this is but an interesting twist in a novel, this institutionalize clearly emphasizes that artists have used murals, frescoes, and wall paintings as a form of expression and of storytelling. For the artist who have hidden a picture of a beautiful woman beneath a blessed image, it is his form of acknowledging the beauty of his loved ones, as he tries to capture one moment of an important moment. And each age he glances up at the painting of the Blessed Mother, he will be able to assure the woman h e loves underneath her.History of Wall PaintingThe art of wall painting was only enjoyed before by governments and wealthy people (Geracismos, 2006). Though it has been around for hundreds of years, only the elite had access to wall painting.The term mural comes from the Latin word murus, which means wall. Therefore, the literal translation of a mural painting would be wall painting. This is not surprising, since murals are a lot placed on walls and ceilings of private residences and other public structures.The first known muralists were the Egyptians, who decorated walls of tombs with scenes of war, hunting, and ceremonies during 3d millennium BC (Berman, 1997). This corresponds to the rich Egyptian culture then, as well as their technology wherein people have to rely on the spoils of war, as well on hunting for their daily food and meals. The ceremonies indicate the Egyptian culture of having intricate ceremonies to honor gods, because foregoing a ceremony could bring ill luck a nd top executive bring the wrath of the displeased god to the people. This could be one of the reasons why Egyptian painted murals on their tombs in order to remind the souls of their departed loved ones of their rich history, and the gods they need to please in the afterlife.From then on the art of wall painting grew and developed, with the Greeks and Italian taking advantage of the discipline and creating even more intricate and beautiful designs. During the 6th to 5th centuries BC, the Greeks created heroic murals which coincide with the battles described in Greek literature (Berman, 1997). This portrays another use for murals such as keeping the story, preserving the culture, and the current status of their lives.During the Hellenistic Period of Olynthos mosaics by Greeks, the Romans copied the prospect of murals and applied this to their internals and temples, while bordering the approach to naturalism. This started the rage fir mosaics in Europe, which was at its peak durin g the 4th to 13th century. The richness of color in the archaeozoic Christian Art makes it outstanding, with realistic murals of saints and angels in stationed in churches to provide a more heavenly aura for churchgoers (Bernan, 1997).Wall painting still continues to grow and develop even in the present era. It has gone through the era of classical art, which resulted to fewer mosaics, and the art direction went from naturalism to romanticism and to revolutionary themes. Though throughout the ages, one thing remains constant a mural conveys what message the artist wants to impart with the audience. Mexican muralists Diego River and Jse Clemente Orozco painted murals with revolutionary themes. This embodies their hopes in reforms and in the support of the people.Perhaps one of the most talked about early murals would be the cave paintings found at Altamira Spain during 1879, and in Lascaux, France during 1940 (Berman, 1997). These paintings are unique for that situation subject ar ea, so it was easy to identify when the murals were created.These aged murals have a hunting theme, with overlapping forms which are elongate flight, and it also gives the impression of a prey cowering to wipeout (Hiester, 1989, p. 27). This is similar to the murals of early Egyptians which portrayed on their walls how to make a living. Before men and women became intelligent and sophisticated, they were first and foremost primeval hunters who preyed on animals in order to live.Types of wall paintingsThere are umpteen materials being used, and methods and techniques being used for wall paintings. Each method depends on the current era and culture, and the materials available as they developed by technology. The most common of them are frescoes, encaustic murals, mosaic, stained glass, baked enamels, modern synthetic materials, and photographic murals (Berman, 1997). As technology develops, more and more materials are being used for murals, such as casual paint and an ordinary brus h which are painted on street walls.FrescoesThe origins of frescoes are unknown are unclear, since there were only few early pieces which survived (Gealt, 1997). However, around c. 1700 BC, frescoes were discovered to be used in the Minoan Art of Crete (Berman, 1997). This perhaps would be the earliest piece of fresco during that time.During 2008, Dietsch provided a better picture of modern murals that were found in the Pompeii Exhibit. She described how the frescoes took a turn toward naturalism, wherein every detail is exact and precise. Birds and statuary indicated that there was a garden nearby the original location of the fresco, since it was an ancient Pompeian residence which was only excavated during 1978 and 1983. In an awestruck tone, Dietsch continued to describe the beauty of the Pompeian fresco as it became a bridge between the physical objects of that era, to the objects d heroic poemted on the fresco.Italian painter Constantino Brumidi created such a fresco filled wit h flowers, birds, and beasts which is a classic flagitious painting during 1856 to 1880. This fresco was able to picture clearly the daily events of human life, such as the flowers one would see every day, and captured it in a flash-frozen moment that will last for all time. True to the frescos purpose, it was able to provide accurate representations of that era (Geracimos, 1997).A fresco conservator who was restoring Brumidis fresco noted how she was able to see how visitors are in awestruck amazement of the fresco as she is. Geracimos (1997) mentioned during the interview that the conservator was quoted to have said, There is a friendly, happy feeling around the frescoes. I have a sense that people see the recovery of the spirit and dignity in the original.Frescoes and murals alike were used to convey the story of a particular era, as well as to release emotions from those who will see them. They do not only beautify a place, but add to the automatic teller as well. An example of such fresco being able to depict feelings would be the Last Judgment in Romes Sistine Chapel. For a church, the breathtaking and forbidding fresco on the ceiling was able to both awe the churchgoers with its beauty and majesty, yet is also able to make them feel a little daunted by their sins. The fresco clearly illustrate the thin line between heaven and hell, and for every churchgoer who would look up and glance at its beauty, they will be reminded that they will have to live in the right side in order to avoid being in hell when the last judgment comes.Types of frescoesThe 1300s to 1800s brought with them the brandish of frescoes as they were painted on walls and ceilings of public buildings, churches, and private residences (Gealt, 1997). Among the many methods of wall painting in the early days, frescoes could be said as the more habitual method of wall painting.There are two types of fresco a buon fresco (or a true fresco) is created by applying a fresh wet level of plas ter on a wall surface, and is painted with pigments that are mixed with water (Gealt, 1997). This is the most utilized form of fresco, as the output would be very impressive and beautiful.Then there is the other type of fresco which is referred to as a secco fresco (or wry fresco). This is used by painting a dry surface with adhesive binder flakes (Gealt, 1997). Unlike buon fresco, this type of fresco is not permanent, and could be removed once the owner has used it to his or her preference.Wall Painting nowThough a lot about wall painting has changed, there are some things that remain constant. Though there are more materials, and more purposes of murals and wall paintings, such as beautifying a home, or covering an ugly street, they still provide a sense of culture during the present time. What began as symbolic wall paintings that were sublime in caves, churches, and other early dwellings, became common and usual household paintings. Murals, frescoes, and other forms of wall pa inting are even see in government buildings, schools, and subway stations throughout the country (Hiester, 1989).Wall painting changed depending on culture, from the Roman and Greek warfare, to the epics of the Greek and the early Christian charges, to the metempsychosis and revolutionary murals depicted to show life as it progresses.Heister (1989) continues with the changes in the mural setting, as she and her colleagues in the Education department team up with students to paint a mural for their school. They used everyday materials, such as Latex wall paint and foam brushes.The technology provides more uses for murals and frescoes than never before. An example would be Heister building a paneled mural for the school, as well as it being utilized in interior decoration by middle-class families. What used to be a declaration of wealth before is now something casual and usual, thanks to technology which enabled middle-class people to have access to frescoes (Geracimos, 2006).Murals and frescoes are now being used in interior designing. An interior decorator could also paint on a canvas as thin as wallpaper, so that the home owners will be able to take the canvas with them if they decide to move homes. It is also very mobile, such as what Hiester (1989) did with their mural, wherein the panels could be removed to accommodate new-sprung(prenominal) murals of future students that are more fitting for the time.In a way, murals are still used to beautify homes. Geracimos (2006) says that the trend is part of a larger public figure around the country that has people investing heavily in their domestic environment, the trend being the personalized murals in each home. There are many ways of taking advantage of murals in a home, such as painting a fairytale theme in a childs room, or something that might be able to ignite a childs imagination. Main rooms are also given the impression that they are bigger, thanks to murals.The materials being used are not as restrict ed as well. Nowadays interior decorators could create walls to look like limestone, burlap, or linen only by using paint. Such technology was unavailable before, but nowadays people can take advantage of this wonder (Geracimos, 2006).What is disheartening is that despite the boom of wall painting in the present era, there is a sad price that artists have to pay. Nowadays people do not see frescoes and murals as what they really are (which are pictures that have captured life and is a way of bringing into the present some of the past, which provides continuity) instead what people see is a murals shallow beauty.To illustrate better this point, Lothar (2007) writes about Lavaudieu village in France, describing the place as unspoiled stone village, no shops, no bars, no nightlife, just a restaurant or two. This quiet is supplemented with Lothars future(a) words which are, what makes the village worth a visit are the exquisite 11th-century Benedictine abbey the refectory is a glow with Byzantine-influenced murals.With that simple sentence, Lothar was able to depict the murals in the area as something that was supposed to be appealing and peaceful. Never mind if, say for example, the murals painted on the abbey is filled with demons and angels fighting for the Lord. The people stopped caring about things that really matter, such as what a piece means, and instead preferred to think about just how shallow a murals image is.From sacred images, graffiti, and interior decorationIt is clearly emphasized in the paper that the previous purpose of murals would be to beautify homes and to preserve the culture of one society. It has evolved to the purpose of beautifying homes, to draw epic tales and to encourage beautiful stories throughout history.With each technological advancement and marvel come different application of murals and frescoes. The Egyptians used murals to show their rich history in terms of their celebrations, deaths, and other important occasions, while t here are those that showed war, revolution, and hunger on the walls.Now everywhere one looks, there are murals and paintings on the streets and walls. Politicians use walls as another way of campaigning, teenagers and gang members would put graffiti in the blank and clean walls.Did it grow or diminish over the years? From the sacred images in churches that were able to raise fear and astonishment to those who see it, to the common graffiti that are being splattered on blank walls in the neighborhoods. convey to the developments of todays technology, murals are accessible to everybody. Yet this accessibility could also wreck the beauty of murals, as they could be taken for granted.

Educational Psychology: Quantitative Research Methods

knowledgeal Psychology Quantitative Research MethodsRachel PriceSelect a psychological discipline and Identify the primary question methods and designsused in that discipline, and consider why that may be the case.This assignment will look at a number investigate methods and designs used in educational Psychology. duration there be numerous query methods and designs used in Educational Psychology this assignment will focus on the use of quantitative research in the forms of interviews, questionnaires and case studies and will also discuss quantitative research in the form of psychometric scrutiny used in the assessment of dyslexia much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Wechsler Intelligence surmount for Children (Wechsler 1949) and the Kaufman assessment battery for children (Kaufman Kaufman, 1983) and why each of the methods discussed are used, while looking at the bindingity and limitations of the methods and design.Educational Psychology is delimit by Wittrock (1989) as the scientific discipline concerned with the development, evaluation, application and principles and theories of human scholarship. Educational Psychologists complete research when they examine the cognitive development of young children, search the relationship between teachers preferences, educational experiences and classroom performance, and manipulate the structural features of lessons and study that result in student bureauicipation levels or explore the issues associated with the interaction of teachers and learners and learning contexts in situations (Berliner Calfee, 2004). Alexander and Winne, (2006) suggest all of these areas of research contribute to the science of learning and help develop guidelines for effective class room practises.The two research methods that influence scientific educational research are quantitative and soft approaches. Educational research tends to be a mixture of both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies (Williams, 2011). Qua ntitative research methods are primarily experimental in nature and concerned with the causal relationships between dependent and independent variables, whereas qualitative research methods are primarily non-experimental and concerned with identifying and describing themes underlying human experience or the experience of a particular phenomenon (Della Porta Keating, 2008). Willis (2008) contests that quantitative and qualitative research methods are often borrow elements or techniques from each other. For example, program-evaluation research, action research, and teacher-as-researcher methods are forms of mixed educational research design that use elements of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies (Johnson, Christensen, 2008).Educational psychologists rely on quantitative based research methods to help them engender decisions about school programs and practices (Slavin, 2002). Stanovich and Stanovich (2003) set quantitative based research as a form of study that uses s ystematic methods that draw on careful observation or experimentation in order to make valid, credible and reliable, conclusions. The science part of educational psychology seeks to sort fact from fiction by using particular strategies for obtaining information (Johnson Christensen, 2000 Kawachi, Kennedy Glass, 1999). Wolfe (2010) argues that the art of educational psychology lies in translating scientifically valid and reliable information into viable and effective classroom practice.Quantitative research is objective, testable, and systematic ( Kothari, 2011). Gravetter and Forzano, (2015) suggest that It reduces the likelihood that information will be based on personal beliefs, feelings and opinions. Quantitative research is based on the scientific method, an approach that can be used to disc all over accurate information. It includes these steps conceptualize the problem, necessitate data, draw conclusions, and revise research conclusions and theory( Cronbach, 1957).Once data has been collected, educational psychologists use statistical procedures to understand the meaning of their quantitative data to help draw conclusions. They also liken their findings with what others charter discovered about the same issue. The final step in the scientific method is revising research conclusions and theory (Mertens, 2014).Slavin and Davis, (2006) suggest that educational psychologists shit generated a number of theories about the best ways for students to learnMcInerney, (2005) suggests that when an educational psychologist wants to test a hypothesis they can choose from many methods, such as observation .Scientific observation is highly systematic. It requires knowing what is macrocosm looked for, conducting observations in an unbiased manner, accurately recruiting and categorizing what was seen, and effectively communicating these observations (Hersen, Haynes Heiby, 2003). A common way to record observations is to write them down, using shorthand or symbols . In addition, tape recorders, video cameras, special coding sheets, one-way mirrors, and computers can be used to make observations more efficient. (Coolican, 2009). Educational psychologists conduct research in laboratories at the universities where they work and teach, although laboratories often help researchers gain more control in their studies, they rent been criticized as being artificial. In representational observation, behaviour is observed out in the real world (McInerney, 2005).Educational psychologists conduct representational observations of children in classrooms, at museums, on playgrounds, in homes, in neighbourhoods, and in other settings (Gnc, Jain Tuermer, 2007).Educational psychologists use interviews and questionnaires to find out about students and teachers experiences (Vaughn, Schumm Sinagub, 1996). Interviews normally take place face-to-face, although they can be done over the phone or the Internet whereas questionnaires are usually given to individuals in printed form and can be filled out in many ways, such as in person, by mail, or via the Internet (Coolican, 2009). Good interviews and surveys involve concrete, specific, and unambiguous questions and some means of checking the authenticity of the respondents replies (Ritchie, Lewis, Nicholls Ormston, 2013). However Fowler (2008) argues that interviews and surveys are non without problems. peerless crucial limitation is that many individuals give socially desirable answers, responding in a way they think is most socially acceptable and desirable kind of than how they truly think or feel. For example, some teachers, when interviewed or asked to fill out a questionnaire about their teaching practices, hesitate to admit honestly how frequently they crush or criticize their students (Loughran, 2002). Skilled interviewing techniques and questions that increase forthright responses are crucial to obtaining accurate information. Another problem with interviews and surveys is that the respondents sometimes simply lie (Coolican, 2009).Another figure of research method used by educational psychologists are case studies (Woolfson, 2011). Crosling Webb, ( 2002) define case studies as descriptions of real-life experiences that illustrate important concepts and issues in a line of business of study . In other words, a case study is an in-depth examination of an individual or situation A case study presents a queer method for combining theory and practice in a problem-solving framework. Case studies differ from spoken or written statements, in that they typically do not contain outcomes or conclusions, but leave the reader to contemplate the most appropriate course of action (Crosling Webb, 2002).Traditionally, case studies have been associated with business, medicine, and law. Recently, however, case studies increasingly have been used in education to help teachers and teacher-candidates develop essential problem recognition and resolution skills (Clandinin C onnelly, 2000 Elliott, Woloshyn, DiPetta, Bennett, 2000).Educational Psychologists use psychometric testing during the assessment for dyslexia. Lyon, Shaywitz and Shaywitz (2003) define dyslexia as a specific learning difficulty that is unexpected in relation to an individuals cognitive abilities. psychometric testing methods such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) (Wechsler 1949), which is an individually administered intelligence test designed for children between the ages of six and sixteen (Cohen, 2011) and contains fifteen subtests that provide a comprehensive assessment of intellectual ability which are divided into ten core subtests and five supplemental subtests (Grizzle, 2011). The Wechsler Individual Achievement Tests (WIAT) (Wechsler, 1992) is also used, and is a comprehensive test that assesses academic achievement by testing the ability to apply cognitive skills and knowledge to graded expectations It alsoincludes nine subtests designed to assess sp ecific areas within the areas of reading, mathematics, written language, and oral language (Johnson, 2011) Another psychometric test used in the assessment of dyslexia is the Kaufman assessment battery for children (KABC)( Kaufman Kaufman, 1983), which is a consistent and valid measure of cognitive abilities for children aged three to eighteen (Hall Noggle, 2011).Psychometric tests are defined by Coolican (2009) as instruments that measure mental measurement and include personality scales and also include measures of mental ability such as intelligence, linguistic ability, creative thinking etc. Psychometric tests are mainly used in educational settings to help identify students who may need spare learning support (Stapleton, 2001). Vernon and Parry (1949) argue that the variables that psychometric tests such as the WISC and KABC scales, use, are always the best measures, and for educational purposes most of the relevant variables are careful by well accepted tests. They also su ggest that this is one of the main arguments for the use of psychometric testing over interviews or recommendations from teachers (Vernon Parry, 1949). Mislevy, Behrens, Dicerbo and Levy (2012) suggest that psychometry is the measurement of educational and psychological construct.As the WISC-V, WIAT-II and KABC-II scales are all variations on pervious scales (i.e. the WISC scale is currently on version five) and have been validated by comparison with previous models they have concurrent validity (Coolican, 2009).Coolican (2009) also suggests that new personality and IQ tests are often compared with older but similar models that have been known to have good validity. Stapleton (2001) suggests that if an assessment score can is closely correlated with future performance, then the assessment used is said to have prognostic validity, and that in turn the assessment can be used to predict the likelihood of future academic success or failure. However Atkinson, Atkinson, Smith and Bem ( 1993) argue that the degree of correlation between IQ advance and psychometric testing and peoples academic achievement declines as a student moves up from primary school to higher education. Moreno (2011) states that grouping intelligence tests are more practical than individual intelligence tests as they are designed to assess some(prenominal) students simultaneously, however due to their tendency to be less accurate than individual intelligence tests, some authorities do not administer the use of group IQ tests. Due to numerous technical problems with IQ calculations, such as the fact that chronological age increases indefinably, mental age does not, deviation IQ scores are used to interpret the results of IQ tests (Kline, 2013).ReferencesAlexander, P., Winne, P. (2006).Handbook of educational psychology. Mahwah, N.J. Erlbaum.Atkinson, R.L., Atkinson, R.C., Smith, E.E., Bem, D.J. (1993). Introduction to Psychology (11th ed.). Fort Worth Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch.Berliner, D ., Calfee, R. (2004).Handbook of educational psychology. New York Routledge.Clandinin, D. J., Connelly, F. M. (2000). muniment inquiry Experience and story in qualitative research.Cohen, M. J. (2011).Childrens memory scale(pp. 556-559). springing cow New York.Coolican, H. (2009).Research methods and statistics in psychology. London Hodder Education.Cronbach, L. J. (1957). The two disciplines of scientific psychology.American psychologist, 12(11), 671.Crosling, G., Webb, G. (2002).Supporting student learning. London Kogan Page.Della Porta, D., Keating, M. (2008).Approaches and methodologies in the social sciences. Cambridge, New York Cambridge University Press.Elliott, A., Woloshyn, V., DiPetta., Bennett, S (2002). Instructors manual for stories from Canadian classrooms. Toronto, ON Pearson Education.Fowler Jr, F. J. (2008).Survey research methods. Sage publications.Gnc, A., Jain, J., Tuermer, U. (2007). Childrens play as cultural interpretation.Play and development Evolutio nary, sociocultural, and functional perspectives, 155-178.Gravetter, F., Forzano, L. (2015).Research methods for the behavioural sciences (5th ed.). Belmont, CA Wadsworth Cengage Learning.Grizzle, R. (2011). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. InEncyclopaedia of Child Behaviour and Development(pp. 1553-1555). Springer USHall, J. J., Noggle, C. A. (2011). Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. InEncyclopaedia of Child Behaviour and Development(pp. 853-854). Springer US.Hersen, M., Haynes, S., Heiby, E. (2003).Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment. New York Wiley.Johnson, K. L. (2011). Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. InEncyclopaedia of Clinical Neuropsychology(pp. 2681-2682). Springer New York.Johnson, B., Christensen, L. (2000).Educational research Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Allyn Bacon.Johnson, B., Christensen, L. (2008).Educational research Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. Sage.Kaufman, A. S., Kaufman, N. L. (1983).K-A BC Kaufman assessment battery for children Interpretive manual. American Guidance Service.Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B. P., Glass, R. (1999). Social capital and self-rated health a contextual analysis.American journal of public health, 89(8), 1187-1193.Kline, P. (2013).Handbook of psychological testing. RoutledgeKothari, C. R. (2011).Research methodology methods and techniques. New Age International.Loughran, J. J. (2002). develop reflective practice Learning about teaching and learning through modelling. Routledge.Lyon, G., Shaywitz, S., Shaywitz, B. (2003). A definition of dyslexia.Annals Of Dyslexia, 53(1), 1-14McInerney, D. M. (2005). Educational PsychologyTheory, Research, and Teaching A 25 yr retrospective.Educational Psychology, 25(6), 585-599Mertens, D. M. (2014).Research and evaluation in education and psychology Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage Publications.Mislevy, R. J., Behrens, J. T., Dicerbo, K. E., Levy, R. (2012). Design a nd discovery in educational assessment evidence-centred design, psychometrics, and educational data mining.JEDM-Journal of Educational Data Mining, 4(1), 11-48.Moreno, R. (2010).Educational psychology. Hoboken, N.J. John Wiley Sons.Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage.Slavin, R. E. (2002). Evidence-based education policies Transforming educational practice and research.Educational researcher, 31(7), 15-21.Slavin, R. E., Davis, N. (2006). Educational psychology Theory and practice.Stanovich, P. J., Stanovich, K. E. (2003). Using research and reason in education How teachers can use scientifically based research to make curricular instructional decisions. Washington, DC US Department of EducationStapleton, M. (2001). Education. London Hodder Stoughton.Vaughn, S., Schumm, J. S., Sinagub, J. M. (1996).Focus group interviews in education and psychology. Sage Publi cations.Vernon, P. E., Parry, J. B. (1949). Personnel selection in the British forces.Wechsler, D. (1949). Wechsler intelligence scale for children.Wechsler, D. (1992). Wechsler individual achievement test Psychological Corporation.San Antonio.Williams, C. (2011). Research methods.Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER), 5(3).Willis, J. (Ed.). (2008).Qualitative research methods in education and educational technology. IAP.Wittrock, M. C. (1989). Generative processes of comprehension.Educational psychologist, 24(4), 345-376.Wolfe, P. (2010).Brain matters Translating research into classroom practice. ASCD.

Turnkey Rental Properties Investment

Turnkey Rental Properties InvestmentAtype of rental space that just about first-time or younger investors like to try their hand at is a prison guard rental. The term turnkey describes any product, property or otherwise, that is ready for the consumer immediately subsequently the time of purchase. When the term is used to describe reliable estate investments, its meant that the investor buys, limites up, and sells or rents the property through a third party, usu ally from a distance. The goal is to doctor the whole process as simple as possible, so all that has to be d one and only(a) is turning a key.Turnkey CompaniesThere are many different turnkey real estate providers all over the country, and non all of them charter the analogous way. Some providers will buy a property, fix it up, rent it out, and then sell it to you. However, for the purposes of this book, thats not the kind were going to talk about. Were focused on using turnkey providers to find properties to rent . Some companies will do ein truththing for you, while some will have you do the heavy lifting if there is rehab work that needs to be done, so its important to know going in what method your company will be using, and what will be expected of you.Benefits to turnkey dropWhile flipping houses and wholesaling are great options for real estate investing, some investors prefer turnkey investments because it affords them several benefits over doing it all yourself.Distance The most obvious benefit that many investors reap from turnkey investments is the ability to invest in a property from a distance, without having to live in the area. Its not always easy to be a landlord, and the challenges that come with that are often made notwithstanding more difficult when you live several thousand miles away from the property. Many pack who live on either coast, or even are dictated outside the United States, rely on turnkey companies to invest in great markets, like the Midwest, where cash f low tends to be highest.Insight into the market some other reason many investors prefer to use turnkey companies over doing everything themselves is that a frank turnkey company will know their market, likely utmost improve than an outsider could. As a lone investor, you might be able to do some research into the area and learn about things like criminal offense reports, school system ratings, and price ranges, but those are all just naked numbers without knowledge of the heart of the area, something that good turnkey companies have. They know how the people of an area think and feel about that area which blocks are popular and why, which area of town is better than another. Theyll know what kind of reputations certain businesses and neighborhoods have, and theyll be mindful of shifts in the local economy. This kind of knoweldge is generally limited to long-time locals of an area, which a good turnkey company should be.Skilled marketers Since good turnkey companies might buy, sell, and rent scads or hundreds of homes and properties per month, they have a lot of give in marketing those properties, and many more resources than a single investor whitethorn have on their own. As surface as having many resources, their resources are to a fault varied, and they may use things like radio ads, television ads, billboards, and more, to help drive interested and motivated tenants and sellers to their business. Because of their experience and resources, they may be able to find better deals than you could, as healthful as be able to get tenants faster than you could.Experience managing properties Most people, real estate investors included, are not good managers. However, if you work with a turnkey company, you have someone to help with this. Turnkey companies are generally pretty see in dealing with contractors during rehab and general maintenance, as well as tenants. Their experience often allows them to make better decisions than someone lacking that experie nce would make, as well as cut down on the learning curve experienced by a new investor/manager.Professional, helpful staff Unless youd like to urinate solicitude of all of the rehab, maintenance and upkeep, and administrative duties that come with being a property manager, a turnkey provider can help. They usually have in-house staff to contend care of things like a broken toilet, to answer the phones, and to sign leases with new tenants. If they dont have in-house staff, they will work closely with vendors to provide these services.Keeping it simple The last(a) benefit to turnkey investing could be said to be one of the most important simplicity. No matter which turnkey company you invest with, they all have the same goal to make the investment easier for you. If you invest in a property on your own, you have to take care of all of the move parts yourself, which many investors find to be overwhelming. The ideal turnkey company seeks to make the investment simple for you, so a ll you have to do is pay off and write checks. It is for this reason alone that many investors have turned to turnkey investing.Downsides to turnkey investingWhile there are many benefits to investing in turnkey rental properties, there are also downsides, and these are the reasons why many investors stay away from turnkey investments. Its important to be aware of possible downsides and pitfalls of any investment youre thinking of making, and this is no different when considering whether to invest in a turnkey rental property. Here are the two main downsides to turnkey investingTrust is required This is possibly the greatest risk when you choose to invest in a turnkey rental property. You must place a great deal of trust in the provider. Turnkey investors are, as I mentioned earlier in the chapter, generally located far from their investment property. Therefore they must place a great deal of trust in their turnkey company, trusting them to choose a property that will yield a inc rease, in a desirable location, and find a reliable tenant, as well as manage that tenant. The turnkey company will get paid regardless of whether or not you, as the investor, make any profit off of the property, so its a great deal of trust that you place in one of these companies to make you money. It is very easy for a turnkey provider to take advantage of an out-of-town investor who is unfamiliar with the area, convincing them to invest in a property in a bad location. There have been many stories told by investors where that situation happened to them, and the property ended up being whats referred to as a fuzz in lipstick, one that seemed fine but immediately after investing began to cost the investor a lot of money in repairs and other issues.Finances The stake downside to turnkey rentals is another great risk that of money. A turnkey company is a business just like any other, and the driving force buns any business is to make money. They have to in order to stay operable , and they will do this several ways. Turnkey companies will often buy properties at a nice discount, and then turn around and sell the investment to you at a higher rate, essentially flipping the property to you, for a high price. afterwards that, they make yet more money by managing the property for you. This is the catch to turnkey properties. You cant have the simplicity of this kind of investing without paying a premium for it. Either you have simplicity, or you pay less and deal with complications yourself, but either way you pay, whether its in money or your time. Turnkey companies operate on the idea that people want to simplify their investments, and make a profit off of that desire. That said, as I mentioned before, turnkey companies are very good at marketing, and are very often able to find incredible deals in their area, so even if theyre going to make a great profit when they sell the investment to you, youre still often getting a very good deal.Keep in mind important detailsTurnkey investing can be a great option for investors who wish to have a more hands-free investment, those who are located in more expensive markets where they may be unable to find good investments for their budgets, and newer investors who would like some help with the particulars and complications that come along with real estate investing. Turnkey companies have great resources for investors. However, it is very important to be a smart investor. Experts suggest that, even though turnkey investing is a great option for those who are located far away from the property, prospective investors should go check out the property in person, even if that means flying across the country, so that they know what theyre investing in.Its also advisable to know your property manager well. As an investor, youll be putting a lot of trust into the turnkey company, so its important that youre on the same page. Some helpful and important things to ask your property manager areHow much experi ence does your company have?What fees does your company charge?How long, on average, does it take your company to find tenants for new properties?Will your company provide statements each month so I can keep track of expenses and income?What are your companys weaknesses?How well do you know the area?Generally, turnkey rental properties are a great form of real estate investing for those investors without the time, interest, or ability to in person renovate and maintain real estate investments. The most important thing to remember about turnkey investments is to do your research and know what youre getting into, and not be blinded by the possible benefits to this kind of investment.

Ancient Egypt Essay example -- essays research papers

The NileThe Nile river was the most important thing to Ancient Egyptians. TheEgyptians were actually ache because they were settled near a river. Without theNile the Egyptians wouldnt survive, and even now we wouldnt study theirhistory. The Nile was so important because it gave them water and fertilizer forfarming and they believed in a God of the Nile whos name was Osiris The God ofThe Nile River.Irrigation along much of the river supported the growth of agriculturalproducts such as cotton, wheat, sorghum, dates, citrus fruits, sugarcane, andvarious legumes.1 Other local communities fished in the Nile River. The firstgreat African civilization developed in the northern Nile Valley in about 5000 BC.Dependent on agriculture, this state, called Egypt, relied on the flooding of theNile for irrigation and young soils.2The Nile was their only way of trading and fastest way of transportation. Without the Nile it would take them a long time to go from city to city or trade. Egyptians al ways depended on the Nile to flood, when the ice from the mountainsmelted every year there was a flood. The flood from Nile left furtilizer for farming,and when there wasnt a flood they depended on fishing and trading.PharaohsPharaohs were very important to the Egyptians, they control everything. for every great Pharaoh there wa...

Sex, Marriage, and Family: Revision Paper -- Essays Papers

Sex, Marriage, and Family Revision Paper A marriage is a very special relationship that couples dowry. Its a new aim of love and an act of commitment. People get married for various reasons which include legal benefits, procreation, commitment and many otherwises. A marriage provides legal benefits to couples that most other relationships dont have. For example, if a person in a relationship dies, the spouse can collect the social security benefits only if they are legally married (Lamanna and Reidmann, pg. 260). The word family is a word that is loosely defined in todays society. The U.S Census Bureau defines family as, two or more persons who share a household and who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption. (Lamanna and Reidmann, pg. 5, pg. 259). There are two types of family family of orientation and family of procreation. A family of orientation is the family that has raised the individual. The family of procreation is the family tha t is organise by marriage and by having children. Having a family is very important for a persons development in society. Usually, a family shares the same value and is at that place for support when it is needed (Cowan). In society, the people that constitute marriage are the policy makers in our government. Unfortunately, marriage is a privilege and not a right. In some states, homosexuals are not allowed to get married (Lamanna and Reidmann, pg. 276). Although people in s...